In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 142128-92-5, name is (S)-(-)-2,2′-Bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl, introducing its new discovery. Safety of (S)-(-)-2,2′-Bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl
Directed ortho dilithiation of bis(diethylcarbamate) or bis(MOM)-protected (Sa)-1,1,?-bi(2-naphthol) followed by treatment with R2S2 [R = Me, Ph (X-ray structure)] or Me2Se2 cleanly affords the 3,3? derivatives; the free naphthols are produced on deprotection. In the case of the bis(MOM) series, but not that of the bis(carbamates), some racemisation occurs. The ligand 2,2?-dihydroxy-3,3?-dimethylthio-1,1?-binaphthalene shows optimal performance in the addition of ZnEt2 to linear aliphatic enones (E)-R1C(O)CH=CHR2. Variation of the steric demands of R1 and R2 generates catalytic results consistent with binding of a zinc-based Lewis acid anti to the ene function and with the reactive conformation being s-cis. With enones containing the functions R2 = (CH2)nCH(OAlkyl)2 (n = 0-2), the ZnEt2 addition products undergo base-promoted cyclisation.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 142128-92-5 is helpful to your research. Safety of (S)-(-)-2,2′-Bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl
Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI