Day: October 19, 2020

With the rapid development and complex challenges of chemical substances, new drug synthesis pathways are usually the most effective.62937-45-5,D-Prolinamide,as a common compound, the synthetic route is as follows.

62937-45-5, In these Reference Examples the following method was used, with volumes and amounts as outlined in Table 1.The racemic mandelic acid derivative 3-chloro,5-difluoro-methoxy mandelic acid and (D)- proline amide were added to ethyl acetate saturated in water (8.1% water in ethyl acetate). The mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 10 minutes at reflux. The thin suspension was cooled to 23C over 13 hours followed by further cooling to 180C over 40 minutes. The suspension was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 ml) to give the salt. A sample was dissolved in a 1 : 1 mixture of 1 M HCl and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, concentrated to dryness and analysed by chiral HPLC (for suitable methodology, see Reference Example 1 IA). This showed a high degree of purity of the “correct” enantiomer (see Table 1), (R)- 3-chloro,5-difluoro-methoxy mandelic acid.Table 1MA= racemic mandelic acid derivative, 3-chloro,5-difluoro-methoxy mandelic acid.PA= (D)-proline amide.Eq. PA= Amount of equivalents of (D)-proline amide compared to racemic mandelic acid derivative.EtOAc= ethyl acetate, as solution saturated in water.Water/EtOAc (%) = concentration of water in ethyl acetate. mmol MA/ ml water-EtOAc= concentration range of racemic mandelic acid derivative per ml of ethyl acetate and water. EPO e.e. (%) = enantiomeric excess defined as the % mole fraction denoting the enantiomers in a mixture.1) Corrected for purity, i.e. initially 86% pure racemic mandelic acid derivative.; In these Reference Examples the following method was used, with volumes and amounts as outlined in Table 2.The racemic mandelic acid derivative 3-chloro,5-difluoro-methoxy mandelic acid and (D)- proline amide were added to ethyl acetate and the mixture heated to reflux. At reflux, water was added and the mixture was stirred for another 10 minutes at reflux. The thin suspension was allowed to cool to 18C over 3 hours (in Reference Examples 4-8; 4 hours in Reference Example 9). The suspension was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 ml) to give the salt. The salt was dissolved in a 1 : 1 mixture of 1 M HCl and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, concentrated to dryness and analysed by chiral HPLC (for suitable methodology, see Reference Example 1 IA). This showed a high degree of purity of the “correct” enantiomer (see Table 2), (R)- 3-chloro,5-difluoro-methoxy mandelic acid.To exemplify in more detail, the following scheme was used in Reference Example 6: The racemic mandelic acid derivative 3-chloro,5-difluoro-methoxy mandelic acid (26.18 g, 93.3 mmol, 1 eq, 90% pure according to HPLC) and (D)-proline amide (4.80 g, 42 mmol, 0.45 eq) were added to ethyl acetate (54.5 ml) and the mixture heated to reflux. At reflux, 5.5 ml of water was added and the mixture stirred for another 10 minutes at reflux. The thin suspension was allowed to cool to 18C over 3 hours. The suspension was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 ml) to give 8.6 g of the salt. A sample was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of 1 M HCl and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, concentrated to dryness and analysed by chiral HPLC. This showed 98.2% of the “correct” (i?)-enantiomer. From the mother liquor more material crystallised, which was filtered, washed and dried. This gave another 1.6 g of the salt. The free (i?)-mandelic acid was analysed by HPLC (for suitable methodology, see Reference Example HA) and contained 99.0% of the “correct” enantiomer. EPO Table 2MA = racemic mandelic acid derivative 3-chloro,5-difluoro-methoxy mandelic acid.PA = (D)-proline amide.Eq. PA = Amount of equivalents of proline amide compared to racemic mandelic acid derivativeEtOAc = ethyl acetate in ml.Water/EtOAc (%) = concentration of water in ethyl acetate. mmol MA/ ml water-EtOAc = concentration range of racemic mandelic acid derivative per ml of ethyl acetate and water. e.e. (%) = enantiomeric excess defined as the % mole fraction denoting the enantiomers in a mixture.1) Corrected for purity, i.e. initially 85-90% pure racemic mandelic acid derivative.2) The suspension was allowed to cool to 180C over 4 hours.; A solution of the racemic mandelic acid (obtained after the first racemisation) in ethyl o acetate (1.433 kg of a 29.9% (w/w) solution, 0.429 kg racemic mandelic acid, 1.698 mol, 1.00 eq) was filtered and added within 30 minutes to a stirred solution of D-prolinamide (0.095 kg, 0.853 mol, 0.49 eq) in ethyl acetate (0.407 kg, 0.452 L) as well as water (0.153 kg) at 72-75C. After the addition was completed a clear solution was obtained. The mixture was cooled to 58C within 45 min. No crystallisation was observed. The mixture s was cooled further to 0-20C within 2.5 hours. The salt started to precipitate at approximately 55C. After stirring for a further hour at 0-20C, the solid was filtered off and washed twice with a pre-cooled (0-50C) mixture of ethyl acetate/ water = 9:1 (w/w, 2 x EPO 0.20 kg). A wet,…

62937-45-5 D-Prolinamide 447554, acatalyst-ligand compound, is more and more widely used in various fields.

Reference£º
Patent; ASTRAZENECA AB; ASTRAZENECA UK LIMITED; WO2006/125964; (2006); A1;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

29176-55-4, 2,9-Dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline is a catalyst-ligand compound, ?involved in a variety of chemical synthesis. Rlated chemical reaction is continuously updated

General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk flask was evacuated and back-filled with argon three times. (Hetero)aryl (di)halide (1 equiv), base (1.5 equiv per halogen) and a solution of SPO (1.2 equiv per halogen) in anhydrous solvent (5 mL/mmol per halogen) were added to the flask. The solution was bubbled with argon for 10 min and Pd(OAc)2 (1 mol% per halogen) and ferrocene-based bidentate phosphine ligand (2 mol% per halogen) were added to the flask simultaneously [2.5 mol% Pd(OAc)2 per halogen and 5 mol% dppf per halogen for compounds 2j, 2l, 2r, 2t, 2w]. The resulting mixture was heated at the indicated temperature for the given time. Workup procedures are described below for two different conditions. Final purification of crude products was achieved by column chromatography on silica gel (40-60 mum) using CH2Cl2-MeOH as eluent. Reaction scale and yields are shown in Table 1 (2a-w), Scheme 1 (3a-h) and Scheme 2 (4a-g). Notice that all compounds with two phosphine oxide groups are beige-to-brown solids or slowly solidifying viscous brown oils. Conditions I: ligand: dppf, solvent: DMF, base: Cs2CO3 (2d-n, 2q, 2r, 2t-w, 4a-g) or K2CO3 (3a-h), temperature: 120 C, time: 7 h (20 h for 2j, 2l, 2r, 2w). Workup: after cooling, the reaction mixture was poured into a fourfold excess of brine. The mixture was extracted three times with CH2Cl2 (40 mL/mmol each). The combined organic layers were washed with brine to remove traces of DMF, dried over Na2SO4 and then evaporated to dryness. Conditions II: ligand: dippf, solvent: toluene, base: t-BuOK, temperature: 110 C, time: 7 h. Workup: after cooling, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness. Then, the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (40 mL/mmol) and washed with water and brine (40 mL/mmol). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and the CH2Cl2 was removed under reduced pressure., 29176-55-4

29176-55-4 2,9-Dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline 355196, acatalyst-ligand compound, is more and more widely used in various fields.

Reference£º
Article; Zakirova, Gladis G.; Mladentsev, Dmitrii Yu.; Borisova, Nataliya E.; Synthesis; vol. 51; 11; (2019); p. 2379 – 2386;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

13910-48-0, N1-Benzylpropane-1,3-diamine is a catalyst-ligand compound, ?involved in a variety of chemical synthesis. Rlated chemical reaction is continuously updated

2-(4-tert-butylphenyl) -4-(methylsulfanyl) -6H,7H-pyrazolo [1,5 -aj [1,3 ,5j triazin-7 -one(75 mg, 0.239 mmol) and (3-aminopropyl)(benzyl)amine (117 mg, 0.71 mmol) were dissolved in Pyridine (1 mL). The reaction mixture was heated in a microwave at 140 C for2h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and purified by preparative HPLC method A affording the title compound as a pale yellow oil (35 mg, 34 %).?H NMR (500 MHz, Methanol-d4) 8.36 (s, 2H), 8.29 – 8.20 (m, 2H), 7.56 – 7.46(m, 2H), 7.44 -7.30 (m, 5H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.83 (t, I = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.24 -3.08 (m, 2H), 2.18 (dt, I = 14.2, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (s, 9H). LCMS Method B: ft 2.44 mm, 100 %; m/z 432 (MH)., 13910-48-0

The synthetic route of 13910-48-0 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference£º
Patent; PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE; EVOTEC INTERNATIONAL GMBH; GAMPE, Christian, M.; KAHNE, Daniel, Evan; KAHNE, Suzanne, Walker; QIAO, Yuan; EAST, Stephen; PARKES, Alastair, L.; SOUTHEY, Michelle; HUNTER, James; WHITTAKER, Mark; ARTHUIS, Martin; (359 pag.)WO2016/191658; (2016); A1;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

62937-45-5,With the rapid development and complex challenges of chemical substances, new drug synthesis pathways are usually the most effective.62937-45-5,D-Prolinamide,as a common compound, the synthetic route is as follows.

Methyl /so-butyl ketone (MIBK; 3.87 ml/g of mandelic acid) was added to the mandelic acid (1 eq.) at ambient temperature. Stirring was started and the solution was heated to 80C. A solution of D-prolinamide (0.5 eq.) in MIBK (0.43 ml/g of mandelic acid) and water (3 molar equivalent/mandelic acid) was added and crystallisation started soon after. After half an hour additional MIBK (3.87 ml/g of mandelic acid) was added and then a solution of D-prolinamide (0.7 eq.) in MIBK (0.43 ml/g of mandelic acid) and water (3 molar equivalent/mandelic acid). The suspension was stirred at 100C for 22 hours. The suspension was cooled to O0C over 2.25 hours. The substance was isolated by filtration, washed with MIBK and then dried (crude yield 84.9 %). The ee of the crude D-prolinamide salt of the (i?)-enantiomer of the mandelic acid was 94.32%. If the optical purity and the assay of the salt are not satisfactory, a series of slurry wash experiments in a number of solvents has shown that both the optical purity and the assay (physical content purity) can be improved. A slurry wash in acetone, for example, gave the (R)- mandelic acid.D-prolinamide salt with 99.1% ee. The yield including the slurry wash was 81.8%. With 2-butanone (MEK) as solvent for the slurry wash, the (i?)-mandelic acid.D- prolinamide salt was obtained with 96.0% ee in 83.9% yield. Other solvents or solvent mixtures which can be used for the slurry wash are MIBK with 20 % w/w H2O, acetonitrile, and 2- propanol.

As the paragraph descriping shows that 62937-45-5 is playing an increasingly important role.

Reference£º
Patent; ASTRAZENECA AB; ASTRAZENECA UK LIMITED; WO2006/125964; (2006); A1;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

With the rapid development and complex challenges of chemical substances, new drug synthesis pathways are usually the most effective.144222-34-4,N-((1R,2R)-2-Amino-1,2-diphenylethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide,as a common compound, the synthetic route is as follows.

[0219] To a solution of the enone (450 mg, 1 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in 0.5 M/4.5 mL/g anhydrous PhCH3 or dichloromethane (DCM) under N2 atmosphere was added Et3N (0.14 mL, 1 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and HCO2H (0.05 mL, 1.2 mmol, 1.2 equiv) at room temperature (RT). The resulting solution was stirred for 10 min and then treated with solid (R,R)-(-)-Ru-TsDPEN-cymene complex1 (19 mg, 0.03 mmol, 0.03 equiv) all at once. The reaction mixture was then aged at RT for 2 h, at which a complete consumption of starting material was observed. Tert-butyl methyl ether-MTBE (5 mL) was added followed by 1N HCl (2 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with saturated Na2CO3, brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the final compound as viscous oil. [0220] The catalyst can also be generated in situ by mixing 0.02 mol equiv of [RuCl2(p-cymene)2] and 0.04 mol equiv of the (R,R)-N-Tosyl-1,2-diphenylethylene-1,2-diamine in DCM (dichloromethane) in the presence of 0.04 mol equiv of 1M solution KOtBu in THF (tetrahydrofuran). After aging for 10 min at RT, Et3N was added followed by HCO2H and a solution of the enone in DCM). [0221] The catalyst was prepared by mixing 1 mol equiv of [RuCl2(p-cymene)2], 2 mol equiv (R,R)-N-Tosyl-1,2-diphenylethylene-1,2-diamine and 4.2 mol equiv of Et3N in iPrOH at 80 C. for 1 h (hour). After solvent removal, the solid was washed with cold H2O and the recrystallized from MeOH to give the catalyst as orange solid., 144222-34-4

As the paragraph descriping shows that 144222-34-4 is playing an increasingly important role.

Reference£º
Patent; Billot, Xavier; Colucci, John; Han, Yongxin; Wilson, Marie-Claire; Young, Robert N.; US2004/198701; (2004); A1;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

1662-01-7, 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline is a catalyst-ligand compound, ?involved in a variety of chemical synthesis. Rlated chemical reaction is continuously updated

General procedure: Preparation of the [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]3+[PF6-]3: in typical reaction procedure 0.10 g (0.058 mmol) of [{Ir(C^N)2Cl}2]4+[PF6]4, 0.04 g (0.16 mmol) AgPF6 and 0.03-0.06 g (0.19 mmol) of N^N ligand were heated at 100 C under argon in 15 ml of argon-purged 2-methoxyethanol/water mixture (8:2 v/v) for ca. 36 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture to ambient temperature, the precipitated AgCl was filtered off and the solvents were removed by rotary evaporation. The residue was dissolved in small amount of acetone and an excess of [NnBu4]Cl was added. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with acetone. The hexafluorophosphate salts were further obtained by anion metathesis with NH4PF6 in cold water with yields: [Ir(C^N)2(phen)]3+[PF6-]3 64%, [Ir(C^N)2(tmphen)]3+[PF6-]3 81%, [Ir(C^N)2(dpphen)]3+[PF6-]3 53%, [Ir(C^N)2(dpq)]3+[PF6-]3 42%, [Ir(C^N)2(dppz)]3+[PF6-]3 39%, [Ir(C^N)2(dppn)]3+[PF6-]3 57%. For the NMR data see Supporting information.

1662-01-7, The synthetic route of 1662-01-7 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference£º
Article; Kamecka, Anna; Grochowska, Olga; Kapturkiewicz, Andrzej; Inorganic Chemistry Communications; vol. 108; (2019);,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

With the rapid development and complex challenges of chemical substances, new drug synthesis pathways are usually the most effective.13104-56-8,4′-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2”-terpyridine,as a common compound, the synthetic route is as follows.

General procedure: A mixtureof CuSO4 ¡¤ 5H2O (0.05 mmol, 0.0125 g), Meophtpy (0.1 mmol, 0.0340 g) and NaClO4 (0.1 mmol, 0.0122 g) in 95% EtOH (10 mL) were sealed in a 15 mL Telfon-lined stainless steel container, which was heated to 160C for 48 h. After cooling to room temperature at a rate of 5 K h-1, the green block crystals were obtained in about 55% yield based on Cu. IR (KBr; nu, cm-1): 3566.38 m, 3068.75 m,3014.74 m, 2935.66 m, 2839.22 m, 2015.61w,1869.02 w, 1600.92 v.s, 1575.84 s, 1544.98 s, 1519.91 s,1473.62 v.s, 1433.11 s, 1408.04 s, 1365.60 m,1307.74 m, 1280.73 m, 1246.02 v.s, 1184.29 v.s,1163.08 m, 1089.78 v.s, 1016.49 v.s, 831.47 m,831.32 v.s, 792.74 v.s, 746.45 m, 731.02 m, 688.59 m,657.73 m, 621.08 v.s, 582.50 s, 520.76 m, 472.56 m,455.20 m, 433.98 m, 414.70 m.

13104-56-8, As the paragraph descriping shows that 13104-56-8 is playing an increasingly important role.

Reference£º
Article; Fu; Cheng; Wang; He; Liu; Zhang; Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry; vol. 43; 8; (2017); p. 547 – 558; Koord. Khim.; vol. 43; 8; (2017); p. 547 – 558,12;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

10108-87-9, N,N,N-Trimethyldecan-1-aminium chloride is a catalyst-ligand compound, ?involved in a variety of chemical synthesis. Rlated chemical reaction is continuously updated

General procedure: In the next step, alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides3a-c as prepared above (0.07 mol) were dissolved in ethanol(20 mL) and weighed precisely. The exact amount ofchloride ions was determined by AgNO3 titration of smallsamples and the required equimolar amounts of carboxylicacids 4a-c were weighted and added. 95% of KOH, requiredfor neutralization, was weighed as solid pellets. Afterall of the added solid KOH dissolved and KCl precipitated(1 hour), the remaining KOH was titrated as anapproximate 0.25 M solution of KOH in ethanol until potentialof glass electrode dropped below -250 mV whichwas previously determined as the potential of the inflectionpoint. Solutions were filtered to separate the filtrate containingthe products from the precipitated KCl. Filtrateswere concentrated under reduced pressure subsequentlyprecipitating more KCl which was filtered to obtain filtrate containing desired alkyltrimethylammonium carboxylates5a-e in quantitative yields. Solutions were dried first underreduced pressure and followed by high vacuum. However,due to increased solubility of KCl in the presence of theproducts up to 3% of KCl remains in the final product asdetermined by AgNO3 titration and TG analysis.

10108-87-9, As the paragraph descriping shows that 10108-87-9 is playing an increasingly important role.

Reference£º
Article; ?tanfel, Ur?a; ?ener, Bo?tjan; Be?ter-Roga?, Marija; Ko?mrlj, Janez; Medo?, ?iga; Virant, Miha; Acta Chimica Slovenica; vol. 67; 1; (2020); p. 270 – 275;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

With the rapid development and complex challenges of chemical substances, new drug synthesis pathways are usually the most effective.137076-54-1,2-(4,7,10-Tris(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)acetic acid,as a common compound, the synthetic route is as follows.

Example 7-Synthesis of tri-tert-butyl 2,2′,2′-(10-(2-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate The procedure that was followed was described in . Compound 2-(4,7,10-Tris(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)acetic acid (400 mg, 0.70 mmol), N-hydroxysuccinimide (90.4 mg, 0.78 mmol, 1.1 equiv.), and Obenzotriazol- 1-yl-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) (296 mg, 0.78 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) were dissolved in 10 mL of acetonitrile. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 hr. After removing the solvent under vaccum, the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 85:15) to give compound tri-tert-butyl 2,2′,2′-(10-(2-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate as a white foam (404 mg, 86 %). Rf : 0.3 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 85:15). 1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) delta 3.51 (br, 4H, H8), 3.54 (br, 4H, H13, H1′), 3.32-3.26 (m, 4H, H6), 3.08-2.99 (m, 4H, H5), 2.97-2.86 (m, 8H, H2, H3), 2.85 (s, H4′), 1.46 (s, 18H, H12), 1.45 (s, 9H, H17). 13C NMR (75MHz, CDCl3) delta 173.4 (C9, C14), 173.1 (C2′), 169.9 (C3′), 82.6 (C16), 82.4 (C11), 55.8 (C8), 55.7 (C13), 54.2 (C1′), 54.1-51.5 (C2, C3), 51.0-48.9 (C5, C6), 27.8 (C17), 27.6 (C12). 25.6 (C4′) MS (Cl/NH3) m/z 692 [M + H]+, 137076-54-1

As the paragraph descriping shows that 137076-54-1 is playing an increasingly important role.

Reference£º
Patent; Institut Curie; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; The designation of the inventor has not yet been filed; EP2740491; (2014); A1;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

With the rapid development and complex challenges of chemical substances, new drug synthesis pathways are usually the most effective.294-90-6,1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane,as a common compound, the synthetic route is as follows.

1-(N-acetyl-aza-15-crown-5)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (1b). 260.0 mg (0.88 mmol) 1a dissolved in 10 mL anhyrous acetonitrile was added dropwise to a mixture of cyclen (378.5 mg, 2.20 mmol, 2.5 equiv.), potassium carbonate (5.0 equivs) in 40 mL warm anhydrous acetonitrile under N2 atmosphere for approximately half an hour. The mixture was then stirred at 65-70 C. for about 12 h. The solution was filtered under reduced pressure and the filtrate was evaporated to leave a crude oil that was purified by column chromatography on aluminium oxide with DCM_MeOH=100:5 as an eluent. The product 2 was isolated as a colorless oil (326.6 mg, 0.76 mmol, 86%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): delta 3.74-3.66 (2H, t, J=6.2 Hz), 3.59-3.47 (14H, m), 3.46-3.36 (6H, m), 2.95-2.93 (1H, br), 2.84-2.81 (1H, br), 2.79-2.70 (7H, m), 2.62-2.54 (7H, m); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): delta 171.3 (C), 71.4 (CH2), 70.5 (CH2), 70.2 (CH2), 69.9 (3¡ÁCH2), 69.7 (CH2), 69.3 (CH2), 56.9 (CH2), 56.0 (CH2), 52.3 (CH2), 52.1 (CH2), 49.6 (CH2), 49.4 (CH2), 48.5 (CH2), 48.0 (CH2), 46.7 (CH2), 45.6 (CH2), 45.3 (CH2); ESI-MS m/z 432.4 (M+H)+; HRFAB-MS m/z 432.3193 (M+H)+[Calcd. for C20H42N5O5 (M+H)+, 432.3186].

294-90-6, The synthetic route of 294-90-6 has been constantly updated, and we look forward to future research findings.

Reference£º
Patent; Wong, Wing-Tak; Li, Cong; US2006/57071; (2006); A1;,
Metal catalyst and ligand design
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI