In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 15862-18-7, name is 5,5′-Dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine, introducing its new discovery. Quality Control of: 5,5′-Dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine
Six complexes (1-6) with the type of [Ru(bpy)2L]X2 (1-3: L = L1-L3, X = Cl-; 4-6: L = L1-L3, X = PF6 -) were synthesized based on 2,2?-bipyridine and three 2,2?-bipyridine derivatives L1, L2 and L3 (L1 = 5,5?-dibromo-2, 2?-bipyridine, L2 = 5-bromo-5?-carbazolyl-2,2?-bipyridine, L3 = 5,5?-dicarbazolyl-2,2?-bipyridine). The complexes 1-6 were characterized by 1H NMR, MS(ESI) and IR spectra, along with the X-ray crystal structure analysis for 1, 5 and 6. Their photophysical properties and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties were investigated in detail. In the UV-Vis absorption spectra, all complexes 1-6 show strong intraligand (pi ? pi) transitions and metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT, dpi (Ru) ? pi) bands. Upon the excitation wavelengths at ?508 nm, all complexes 1-6 exhibit typical MLCT emission of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. The introduction of carbazole moieties improves the MLCT absorption and emission intensity. The ruthenium(II) complexes 1-6 exhibit good electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties in [Ru(bpy)2L] 2+/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) acetonitrile solution and the complexes with PF6- showed higher ECL emission intensity than that of the complexes with Cl- based on the same ligands.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 15862-18-7 is helpful to your research. Quality Control of: 5,5′-Dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine
Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI