In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 18741-85-0, name is (R)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diamine, introducing its new discovery. name: (R)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diamine
Palladium-catalysed aminocarbonylation of a terpenoic iodoalkene (2-iodo-bornene) model compound with both enantiomerically pure and racemic 2,2?-diamino-1,1?-binaphthalene (BINAM) as the N-nucleophile was carried out. All of the diastereoisomers of the monocarboxamide (N-bornenyl carboxamide) and dicarboxamide (N,N?-dinorbornenylcarboxamide) derivatives were synthesised. The diastereoselectivities of the aminocarbonylation were investigated in both cases: either racemic BINAM was used as the N-nucleophile in the aminocarbonylation of enantiomerically pure 2-iodobornene or racemic iodobornene was aminocarbonylated with enantiomerically pure BINAM with moderate diastereoselectivities. In this way, all possible diastereoisomers of binaphthalene-bornene conjugates were synthesised in moderate to high yields by asymmetric (diastereoselective) aminocarbonylation.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 18741-85-0 is helpful to your research. name: (R)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diamine
Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI