The author of 《Characterization and Minimization of Glaser Competitive Homocoupling in Sonogashira Porphyrin-Based Polycondensation》 were Tanguy, Loic; Hetru, Ophelie; Langlois, Adam; Harvey, Pierre D.. And the article was published in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019. Electric Literature of C51H42O3Pd2 The author mentioned the following in the article:
A porphyrin-containing polymer exhibiting various degrees of Glaser-Hay coupling is reported. Sonogashira polycondensation of zinc(II) (5,15-bis[3,4,5-tri(2-butyloctyl)phenyl]-10,20-bis(ethynyl)porphyrinate) with N,N’-bis(p-iodobenzene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoquinone-1,4-diimine (fQI) is found to be prone to homocoupling, a problem underestimated in the literature. 1H NMR and photophys. anal. are used to assess the ratio of Glaser vs. Sonogashira couplings. Optimized conditions to perform Glaser-free Sonogashira polycondensations are provided, and the optimization increases Mn from 9700 to 18 900. Applied to a conjugated polymer, it shows both decreasing homocoupling and 180% enhancement in Mn. In the experiment, the researchers used Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)(cas: 51364-51-3Electric Literature of C51H42O3Pd2)
Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)(cas: 51364-51-3) is used in the preparation of semiconducting polymers processed from nonchlorinated solvents into high performance thin film transistors.Electric Literature of C51H42O3Pd2It is used as catalyst for the synthesis of epoxides, alpha-arylation of ketones, in combination with BINAP for the asymmetric heck arylation of olefins, site-selective benzylic sp3 palladium-catalyzed direct arylation and homoallylic diamination of terminal olefins.
Referemce:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI