Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In some cases, the catalyzed mechanism may include additional steps.In a article, 2390-68-3, molcular formula is C22H48BrN, introducing its new discovery. Computed Properties of C22H48BrN
Evaluation of the influence of ionization states and spacers in the thermotropic phase behaviour of amino acid-based cationic lipids and the transfection efficiency of their assemblies
The influence of both the ionization states and the hydrocarbon chain spacer of a series of amino acid-based cationic lipids was evaluated in terms of gene delivery efficiency and cytotoxicity to the COS-7 cell line and compared with that of Lipofectamine 2000. We synthesized a series of amino acid-based cationic lipids with different ionization states (i.e., -NH 2, -NH3+Cl- or -NH3 +TFA-) in the lysine head group and different hydrocarbon chain spacers (i.e., 0, 3, 5 or 7 carbon atoms) between the hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic moieties. In the 3-carbon series, the cationic assemblies formed a micellar structure in the presence of -NH3 +Cl- and a vesicular structure both in the presence of -NH2 and -NH3+TFA-. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data revealed a significantly lower (8.1C) gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature for cationic assemblies bearing -NH3+TFA- when compared to their -NH2 counterparts. Furthermore, the zeta potential of cationic assemblies having -NH3+TFA- in the hydrophilic head group was maximum followed by -NH3+Cl- and -NH2 irrespective of their hydrocarbon chain spacer length. The gene delivery efficiency in relation to the ionization states of the hydrophilic head group was as follows: -NH3+TFA- > -NH3+Cl- > -NH2.
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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI