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We report a facile approach to fine tune the redox potentials of pi-conjugated porous organic frameworks (POFs) by copolymerizing carbazolic electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) based comonomers at different ratios. The resulting carbazolic copolymers (CzCPs) exhibit a wide range of redox potentials that are comparable to common transition-metal complexes and are used in the stepwise photocatalytic degradation of lignin beta-O-4 models. With the strongest oxidative capability, CzCP100 (D:A = 0:100) exhibits the highest efficiency for the oxidation of benzylic beta-O-4 alcohols, while the highly reductive CzCP33 (D:A = 66:33) gives the highest yield for the reductive cleavage of beta-O-4 ketones. CzCPs also exhibit excellent stability and recyclability and represent a class of promising heterogeneous photocatalysts for the production of fine chemicals from sustainable lignocellulosic biomass.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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A visible-light-driven sulfamate esters guided alkylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds enabled by a 1,6-HAT/radical addition cascade is described. Not only structurally diverse Michael acceptors but also styrenes are amenable to this alkylation reaction. Notably, the N-H bonds activation radical relay refrained from prefunctionalization and using excess external oxidants.

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Achieving high power efficiencies at high-brightness levels is still an important issue for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism. Herein, enhanced electroluminescence efficiencies were achieved in fluorescent OLEDs using a TADF molecule, (4s,6s)-2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN), as a host and quinacridone derivatives (QA) as fluorescent dopants.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Host materials play an important role in the development of phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a universal bipolar host material TPA-(PyF)3 based on triphenylamine and pyridine was designed and synthesized through a simple Friedel-Crafts reaction with a high yield of 83.5%. TPA-(PyF)3 possesses a high triplet energy level of 2.83 eV, excellent thermal and morphological stability, and good solution processability. Using TPA-(PyF)3 as a host material, solution-processed OLEDs with a simple single emitting layer were fabricated. Blue phosphorescent OLEDs based on bis((3,5-difluorophenyl)-pyridine) iridium picolinate (FIrpic) show a maximum current efficiency of 18.5 cd A?1 and a maximum brightness of 13,838 cd m?2, with a low current efficiency roll-off of 9.7% at the practical brightness of 100?1000 cd m?2. Green TADF OLEDs using TPA-(PyF)3 as the host and 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-1,3-dicyano-benzene (4CzIPN) as the emitter with the same structure of the phosphorescent OLEDs exhibit a maximum current efficiency of 12.7 cd A?1, compared with 10.2 cd A?1 of the control device based on the common host material of 2,6-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine (26DCzPPy). This study demonstrates the effective utilization of TPA-(PyF)3 as a universal bipolar host for both phosphorescent and TADF OLEDs.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. Quality Control of: 2,4,5,6-Tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds.In a patent,Which mentioned a new discovery about 1416881-52-1

We expose significant changes in the emission color of carbazole-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that arise from the presence of persistent dimer states in thin films and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Direct photoexcitation of this dimer state in 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) reveals the significant influence of dimer species on the color purity of its photoluminescence and electroluminescence. The dimer species is sensitive to the sample preparation method, and its enduring presence contributes to the widely reported concentration-mediated red shift in the photoluminescence and electroluminescence of evaporated thin films. This discovery has implications on the usability of these, and similar, molecules for OLEDs and explains disparate electroluminescence spectra presented in the literature for these compounds. The dimerization-controlled changes observed in the TADF process and photoluminescence efficiency mean that careful consideration of dimer states is imperative in the design of future TADF emitters and the interpretation of previously reported studies of carbazole-based TADF materials.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 1416881-52-1, name is 2,4,5,6-Tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile, introducing its new discovery. category: catalyst-ligand

Electron-rich arenes are oxidatively photochlorinated in the presence of catalytic amounts of bromide ions, visible light, and 4CzIPN as organic photoredox catalyst. The substrates are brominated in situ in a first photoredox-catalyzed oxidation step, followed by a photocatalyzed ipso-chlorination, yielding the target compounds in high ortho/para regioselectivity. Dioxygen serves as a green and convenient terminal oxidant. The use of aqueous hydrochloric acid as the chloride source reduces the amount of saline by-products.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Photoredox-catalyzed methylcyclobutanations of alkylboronic esters are described. The reactions proceed through single-electron transfer induced deboronative radical addition to an electron-deficient alkene followed by single-electron reduction and polar 4-exo-tet cyclization with a pendant alkyl halide. Key to the success of the methodology was the use of easily oxidizable arylboronate complexes. Structurally diverse cyclobutanes are shown to be conveniently prepared from readily available alkylboronic esters and a range of haloalkyl alkenes. The mild reactions display excellent functional group tolerance, and the radical addition-polar cyclization cascade also enables the synthesis of 3-, 5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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The combination of an organic photocatalyst [4CzIPN (1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6 dicyanobenzene) or 5MeOCzBN (2,3,4,5,6-pentakis(3,6-dimethoxy-9 H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile)], quinuclidine, and tetra-n-butylammonium phosphate (hydrogen-bonding catalyst) was employed for amide bond formations. The hydrogen-bonded OH group activated the adjacent C?H bond of alcohols towards hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) by a radical species. The quinuclidinium radical cation, generated through single-electron oxidation of quinuclidine by the photocatalyst, employed to abstract a hydrogen atom from the alpha-C?H bond of alcohols selectively due to a polarity effect-produced alpha-hydroxyalkyl radical, which subsequently converted to the corresponding aldehyde under aerobic conditions. Then the coupling of the aldehyde and an amine formed a hemiaminal intermediate that upon photocatalytic oxidation produced the amide.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Radical cascade oxidative alkylarylations of N-aryl/benzoyl acrylamides have been established through visible-light-enabled photocatalysis, furnishing a wide variety of functionalized oxindoles and isoquinolinediones in good-to-excellent yields under the synergistic interactions of an organic fluorophores-type photocatalyst 4CzIPN, trifluoroacetoxyiodobenzene (PIFA), and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene with visible light irradiation. The prominent features of this method are the broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. (Figure presented.).

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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A straightforward method for the visible-light-mediated decarboxylative benzylation of imines is reported. The key feature of this method is the use of simple primary, secondary, and tertiary arylacetic acids as precursors of benzyl radicals, enabling the facile benzylation of a variety of imines under mild conditions. A variety of structurally diverse beta-arylethylamines (37 examples) was accessed using this method.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI