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The development of efficient methodologies for production of amines attracts significant attention from synthetic chemists, because amines serve as essential building blocks in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals, natural products, and agrochemicals. In this regard, deoxygenative reduction of amides to amines by means of transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, and hydroboration reactions represents an attractive alternative to conventional wasteful techniques based on stoichiometric reductions of the corresponding amides and imines, and reductive amination of aldehydes with metal hydride reagents. The relatively low electrophilicity of the amide carbonyl group makes this transformation more challenging compared to reduction of other carbonyl compounds, and the majority of the reported catalytic systems employ precious metals such as platinum, rhodium, iridium, and ruthenium. Despite the application of more abundant and environmentally benign base metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) complexes for deoxygenative reduction of amides have been developed to a lesser extent, such catalytic systems are of great importance. This review is focused on the current achievements in the base-metal-catalyzed deoxygenative hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, and hydroboration of amides to amines. Special attention is paid to the design of base metal catalysts and the mechanisms of such catalytic transformations.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, Product Details of 1660-93-1, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 1660-93-1, Name is 3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, molecular formula is C16H16N2. In a Patent, authors is ,once mentioned of 1660-93-1

Methods for treating a bacterial infection and for suppressing antibiotic resistance in a patient are described herein. Certain such methods generally involve administering an antibiotic and an adjuvant compound to a patient with a bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, wherein the adjuvant compound comprises a fused tricyclic ring system with at least one halogen substituent. Compositions and kits containing such components are also described.

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In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 1660-93-1, name is 3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, introducing its new discovery. category: catalyst-ligand

Divalent osmium complexes of the form [Os(N-N)2L-L](PF6-)2 where N-N was a polypyridyl, and L-L was either cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene (dppene) or cis-1,2-vinylenebis(diphenylarsine) (dpaene) have been synthesized and characterized. X-ray structures were determined for three complexes and for the free dpaene molecule. It was observed that the P-C bond lengths, and C-P-C bond angles do not change significantly when complexed to osmium. It was observed the As-C bond lengths shorten by 2.3 pm and the C-As-C bond angles broaden by 5.6when dpaene was complexed to osmium. These changes in the arsine structure may indicate a different method of backbonding between arsenic and osmium. It was found that the arsine complexes had absorption and emission that were to the red of analogous phosphine complexes. In violation of “energy gap law”, the dpaene complexes were found to have higher quantum yields. This may be due to the way that the arsenic atoms bond to osmium.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Slow paramagnetic relaxation was observed at low temperatures from ac susceptibility measurements in the form of a frequency-dependent out-of-phase (Chi?m signal for the title complex (see picture). This provides compelling evidence that this cluster is a rare example of a cyanide-bridged single-molecule magnet.

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Molecular non-volatile memory devices are deemed to offer remarkable features such as low-cost, high retention times and low power consumption that could possibly catapult their implementation over the contemporary silicon-based devices. Although scattered examples of small molecules, particularly transition metal complexes with rich electrochemical behavior, have been demonstrated to show promising performance in memory device application, systematic study on the molecular design and the structure-property relationship is lacking. Moreover, studies on memory applications of transition metal complexes have been mainly confined to those of precious metals. These have hindered the development and the practical applications of molecular non-volatile memory devices. To improve the practical applicability of transition metal complex-based molecular memory devices, herein, we report the study of memory applications of various solution-processable and earth-abundant polypyridyl Cr(iii) complexes. Some of the fabricated resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices exhibit reversible bipolar switching, high ON/OFF ratio and long retention time. It is anticipated that this study will provide important insights on the molecular design of transition metal complexes for memory device applications and would lead to a new generation of economically accessible and sustainable non-volatile memory devices.

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This chapter discusses complexes begins with the trends of coordination of pyrrole and benzannulated derivatives. Pyrrole is a classical example of a pi-excessive heterocycle in which a nitrogen atom can supply two electrons to the hetero-ring, giving six electrons per five carbon atoms. Organometallic compounds of pyrrole are discussed in the chapter. Material presented for azaferrocene serves as a classical subsection on the modification of reactivity of this heterocycle in the complexed state. Ruthenium and osmium, rhodium, and iridium chemistry revealed the bridging function of pyrroles, including zwitterionic and pyrrolyne complex formation. The chapter also discusses the organometallic complexes of indole and carbazole, phospholes and analogs, siloles and germoles, and boroles. Phospholes offer a wide versatility of coordination modes and reactivity patterns, especially in the case of phosphacymantrene, phosphaferrocene, and diphosphaferrocene. Organometallic complexes of silole, germole, and borole are still regarded as a rarity, but achievements in this field are noticeable.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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The aquaorganotin moiety in the title adduct, [SnCl-(C6H5)3(H2O).C 16H16N2, is linked by hydrogen bonds through its axially bonded water molecule to the sub-stituted 1,10-phenanthroline moiety. The Sn atom has trans-trigonal bipyramidal coordination, with aqua and chloro ligands in the axial positions.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, name: 3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 1660-93-1, Name is 3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, molecular formula is C16H16N2. In a Article, authors is Al-Rawashdeh, Nathir A.F.,once mentioned of 1660-93-1

Despite the high pi-acidity of thioether donors, ruthenium(II) complexes with a bidentate 1,2-bis(phenylthio)ethane (dpte) ligand and two chelating diimine ligands (i.e., Ru(diimine)2(dpte)2+) exhibit room-temperature fluid solution emission originating from a lowest MLCT excited state (diimine = 2,2?-bipyridine, 5,5?-dimethyl-2,2?- bipyridine 4,4?-di-tert-butyl-2,2?-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-bromo-1,10- phenanthroline, 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). Crystal structures show that the complexes form 2 of the 12 possible conformational/configurational isomers, as well as nonstatistical distributions of geometric isomers; there also are short intramolecular pi-pi interactions between the diimine ligands and dpte phenyl groups. The photoinduced solvolysis product, [Ru(diimine) 2(CH3CN)2](PF6)2, for one complex in acetonitrile also was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Variations in the MLCT energies and Ru(III/II) redox couple, E ?(Ru3+/2+), can be understood in terms of the influence of the donor properties of the ligands on the mainly metal-based HOMO and mainly diimine ligand-based LUMO. E ?(Ru3+/2+) also is quantitatively described using a summative Hammett parameter (sigmaT), as well as using Lever’s electrochemical parameters (EL). Recommended parametrizations for substituted 2,2?-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthrolinyl ligands were derived from analysis of correlations of E ?(Ru 3+/2+) for 99 homo- and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) tris-diimine complexes. This analysis reveals that variations in E ?(Ru 3+/2+) due to substituents at the 4- and 4?-positions of bipyridyl ligands and 4- and 7-positions of phenanthrolinyl ligands are significantly more strongly correlated with sigmap+ than either sigmam or sigmap. Substituents at the 5- and 6-positions of phenanthrolinyl ligands are best described by sigmam and have effects comparable to those of substituents at the 3- and 8-positions. Correlations of EL with sigmaT for 1,10-phenanthrolinyl and 2,2?-bipyridyl ligands show similar results, except that sigmap and sigmap+ are almost equally effective in describing the influence of substituents at the 4- and 4?-positions of bipyridyl ligands. MLCT energies and d5/d 6-electron redox couples of the complexes with 5-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline exhibit correlations with values for other d 6-electron metal complexes that can be rationalized in terms of the relative number of diimine ligands and substituents.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Two series of cationic heteroleptic osmium(ii) complexes with a coordinated CO molecule, a chloride Cl- or hydride H- anion, two monodentate triphenylphosphine (tpp) ligands and one bidentate alpha-dimine (N?N) ligand were prepared from an OsCl2(CO)2(tpp)2 precursor. The investigated complexes, available in the form of PF6- salts, have been identified by means of FT-IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. Their photophysical properties have been investigated in dichloromethane solutions at room temperature and 1:1 ethanol-methanol matrices at 77 K. The investigated complexes exhibit metal to ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) phosphorescence with the emission characteristics distinctly affected by the nature of coordinated alpha-diimine N?N and Cl- or H- ligands. Franck-Condon emission spectral band shape analyses and DFT/TD-DFT calculations have been applied to obtain more detailed insight into the nature of emissive 3?[Os(H)(CO)(N?N)(tpp)2]+ and 3?[Os(Cl)(CO)(N?N)(tpp)2]+ species.

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Process development of the synthesis of the orally active poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor niraparib is described. Two new asymmetric routes are reported, which converge on a high-yielding, regioselective, copper-catalyzed Narylation of an indazole derivative as the late-stage fragment coupling step. Novel transaminase-mediated dynamic kinetic resolutions of racemic aldehyde surrogates provided enantioselective syntheses of the 3-aryl-piperidine coupling partner. Conversion of the C-N cross-coupling product to the final API was achieved by deprotection and salt metathesis to isolate the desired crystalline salt form.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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