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3,3?-diphosphoryl-1,1?-bi-2-naphthol-Zn(II) complexes as conjugate acid-base catalysts for enantioselective dialkylzinc addition to aldehydes

A highly enantioselective dialkylzine (R22Zn) addition to a series of aromatic, aliphatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes (5) was developed based on conjugate Lewis acid-Lewis base catalysis. Bifunctional BINOL ligands bearing phosphine oxides [P(=O)R2] (7), phosphonates [P(=O)(OR)2] (8 and 9), or phosphoramides [P(=O)(NR2) 2] (10) at the 3,3?-positions were prepared by using a phospho-Fries rearrangement as a key step. The coordination of a NaphO-Zn(II)-R2 center as a Lewis acid to a carbonyl group in a substrate and the activation of R22Zn(II) with a phosphoryl group (P=O) as a Lewis base in the 3,3?-diphosphoryl-BINOL- Zn(II) catalyst could promote carbon-carbon bond formation with high enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). Mechanistic studies were performed by X-ray analyses of a free ligand (7) and a tetranuclear Zn(II) cluster (21), a 31P NMR experiment on Zn(II) complexes, an absence of nonlinear effect between the ligand (7) and Et-adduct of benzaldehyde, and stoichiometric reactions with some chiral or achiral Zn(II) complexes to propose a transition-state assembly including monomeric active intermediates.

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ON THE MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF S(-)-(1.1′-BINAPHTALENE)-2,2′-DIOL VIA COPPER(II)AMINE COMPLEXES

The oxidative dimerization of 2-naphtol is studied by means with several copper(II)amine complexes as oxidants.Using primary amines a chemical yield of 95percent-98percent is obtained.Using (+)-amphetamine as complexing amine a 94percent-96percent optically pure product is obtained.It is established that htis stereoselectivity is a result of selective precipitation of the copper(II)-(+)-amphetamine-(-)-binaphtol complex with a simultaneous racemization of the (+)-binaphtol.

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CHIRAL LEAVING GROUP: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF LIMONENE AND BISABOLENE

The biogenetic-type asymmetric synthesis of limonene and bisabolenes is described.As model studies for the present asymmetric synthesis, the cyclization of catechol, biphenol and binaphthol mononeryl ethers 1, 4, and 5, with organoaluminium reagents are executed to furnish limonene as a major product.Since the reaction of 1, 4, and 5 has proved to proceed much faster than that of neryl phenyl ether under the similar conditions, the rate acceleration is attributed to the novel metal-anchimeric assistance of the aluminium reagents bound with the neighboring hydroxyl group for effecting the generation of the allyl cathion.This anchimeric effect is utilized for the enantioselective cyclization of (R)-(+)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol mononeryl ether (8) upon treatment with modified aluminium reagent 9 to produce limonene with high optical purity (77percent ee).In a similar fashion, (R)-(+)-binaphtol (Z,Z)-monofarnesyl ether 16a undergoes the enantioselective cyclization to give beta-bisabolene in 76percent ee.

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Catalytic Enantioselective Nazarov Cyclization

A detailed account of an asymmetric Nazarov cyclization that leads to alpha-hydroxycyclopentenones bearing either vicinal, all-carbon quaternary centers, or vicinal quaternary and tertiary centers is given. The all-aliphatic examples represent the greatest challenge, as the dienone starting materials are not activated toward cyclization by an aryl group. The rational design and optimization of the substrates in parallel with optimization of the chiral Br¡ãnsted acid catalyst is also described, as well as a series of diastereoselective transformations of a fully substituted cyclopentenone product.

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Stereoselective Total Synthesis of the Marine Macrolide Sanctolide A

The stereoselective total synthesis of sanctolide A, a 14-membered polyketide-nonribosomal peptide (PK-NRP) hybrid macrolide, was accomplished. Sanctolide A contains a rare N-methyl enamide and 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid functionality embedded into the macrocycle. The synthesis relied on Yamaguchi esterification and intramolecular dehydrative cyclization reactions to construct the core skeleton of the macrolide. The two key chiral centers were generated by Maruoka’s allylation and Noyori’s asymmetric ketone reduction reactions. Commercially available, inexpensive 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid and hexanaldehyde were utilized as the raw materials for the total synthesis.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Direct asymmetric aldol reaction catalyzed by C2-Symmetrical chiral primary amine organocatalysts

Three novel C2-symmetrical chiral primary amines were synthesized from chiral BINOL and diamines. Then their catalytic activities in the asymmetric aldol reactions were evaluated, and the result indicated that 1c was the optimal organocatalyst. The reaction of a variety of aromatic aldehydes with aliphatic ketones, catalyzed by 20 mol % 1c in the addition of benzoic acid in carbon tetrachloride, afforded the aldol products in high yields (up to 92%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 71%).

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Pyridinium 1,1?-binaphthyl-2,2?-disulfonates as highly effective chiral Br¡ãnsted acid-base combined salt catalysts for enantioselective mannich-type reaction

We have established, for the first time, a practical synthesis of chiral 1,1?-binaphthyl-2,2?-disulfonic acid (BINSA 1) from inexpensive BINOL. An efficient enantioselective catalysis in the Mannich-type reactions of diketones and ketoester equivalents with aldimines was developed using chiral 1?achiral 2,6-diarylpyridine (2) combined salts, which acted as convenient chiral tailor-made Br¡ãnsted acid?base organocatalysts in situ. Copyright

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Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Thiocrown Ethers Derived from 1,1′-Binaphthalene-2,2′-diol

Synthetic methodology is given for the preparation of two different types of thiocrown ethrs from optically pure 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diol (10).The conceptually simplest approach starts from optically pure 10 itself, which is alkylated (4 equiv of K2CO3 in DMF at 110 deg C) with 2-chloroethanol followed by mesylation to provide 2,2′-bis(2-mesyloxy)ethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl (14).When allowed to react with ethane-1,2-dithiol, propane-1,3-dithiol, 1,4,7–trithiaheptane, 1,4,8,11-tetrathiaundecane, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-dithiol, 2-(mercaptomethyl)-1-propene-3-thiol, and 1,2-benzenedithiol in the presence of Cs2CO3 in DMF at 60 deg C the corresponding thiocrown ethers 22-25, 28, 30, and 32 are formed in 30-54percent yields.Test reactions were carried out to establish that no racemization occurs during alkylation under these conditions.Reaction of optically pure 10 with tetrahydropyranyl (THP)-protected 3-chloropropanol under similar conditions for the preparation of 14 proceeded more sluggishly but cleanly.Removal of the THP protecting groups afforded 2,2′-bis(3-bromopropoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl (20), which on reaction with propane-1,3-dithiol, 1,5,9-trithianonane, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-dithiol, 2-(mercaptomethyl)-1-propene-3-thiol, and 1,2-bis(mercaptomethyl)benzene provided the respective thiocrown ethers 26, 27, 29, 31, and 33 in 24-68percent yields.Another class of thiocrown ethers was prepared from optically active 10, which converted via ortho-lithiation to 3,3′-bis(bromomethyl)-2,2′-dimethoxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (39) by means of methylation (K2CO3/CH3I)), ortho-lithiation followed by formylation (n-C4H9Li/N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA)/ether followed by DMF and H2O workup) followed by reduction (NaBH4) followed by bromination (PBr3 in C5H5N).Reaction (Cs2CO3 in DMF at 60 deg C) with 1,4,7-trithiaheptane, 1,4,8-trithiaoctane, 1,4,7,10-tetrathiadecane, 1,4,8,11-tetrathiaundecane, and 1,5,10,14-tetrathiatetradecane afforded the corresponding thiocrown ethers 40-44 in 40-75percent yields.Despite repeated attempts using a wide range of reagents, demethylation of the methoxy ether functionalities failed.Attempts to prepare the free phenol derivatives of the latter type of grown ethers by oxuidative coupling of two naphthol units failed.

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Preparation of (R)-(-)-2-methoxy-2?-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,1?-binaphthyl and (1R, 2R)-(+)-1-trimethylsilyl-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ferrocene: Optically active tetrazoles with axial or planar chirality

Preparation of (R)-(-)-2-methoxy-2?-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,1?-binaphthyl, and (1R, 2A)-(+)-1-trimethylsilyl-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ferrocene which are the first examples of optically active tetrazolyl compounds with axial or planar chirality, respectively, is described.

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Asymmetric olefin aziridination using a newly designed Ru(CO)(salen) complex as the catalyst

Highly enantioselective and good to high-yielding aziridination of conjugated and non-conjugated terminal olefins and cyclic olefins was achieved using a newly designed Ru(CO)(salen) complex as the catalyst in the presence of SESN3 under mild conditions.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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