Category: 494-52-0

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine( cas:494-52-0 ) is researched.Computed Properties of C10H14N2.Bade, Richard; White, Jason M.; Tscharke, Benjamin J.; Ghetia, Maulik; Abdelaziz, Ahmed; Gerber, Cobus published the article 《Anabasine-based measurement of cigarette consumption using wastewater analysis》 about this compound( cas:494-52-0 ) in Drug Testing and Analysis. Keywords: anabasine anatabine cigarette consumption waste water analysis; cigarettes, cotinine, nicotine, urinary excretion, wastewater-based epidemiology. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:494-52-0).

Community tobacco use can be monitored over time using wastewater-based epidemiol. approaches by estimating the mass loads of nicotine and its metabolites, cotinine, or hydroxycotinine, in wastewater. The use of nicotine replacement therapies could vary in space and time and mask the true rates of tobacco consumption. Therefore, this work evaluated the content of tobacco specific markers, anatabine and anabasine, in cigarettes, in urine of smokers, and in wastewater. The results indicated that the anabasine content in both licit and illicit cigarettes in Australia is less variable than anatabine and is therefore considered a better measure of tobacco consumption. A study determining the excretion of tobacco-specific alkaloids of smoking and non-smoking volunteers gave an average urinary mass load of anabasine of 4.38μg/L/person and a daily mass load of 1.13μg/day/person. Finally, this was compared with the mass loads of anabasine from wastewater-based epidemiol. data of 3μg/day/person to estimate cigarette rates in a South Australian city: equivalent to 2.6 cigarettes/person/day. The rate of decline of cigarette use was greater when using anabasine as a measure of consumption compared with cotinine. This is the first study to estimate the rate of anabasine excretion, which can be used to estimate tobacco use independent of therapeutically prescribed nicotine.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Name: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about Increased leaf nicotine content by targeting transcription factor gene expression in commercial flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Author is Liu, Hai; Kotova, Tatyana I.; Timko, Michael P..

Nicotine, the most abundant pyridine alkaloid in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), is a potent inhibitor of insect and animal herbivory and a neurostimulator of human brain function. Nicotine biosynthesis is controlled developmentally and can be induced by abiotic and biotic stressors via a jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated signal transduction mechanism involving members of the APETALA 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) families. AP2/ERF and bHLH TFs work combinatorically to control nicotine biosynthesis and its subsequent accumulation in tobacco leaves. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the tobacco NtERF32, NtERF221/ORC1, and NtMYC2a TFs leads to significant increases in nicotine accumulation in T2 transgenic K326 tobacco plants before topping. Up to 9-fold higher nicotine production was achieved in transgenics overexpressing NtERF221/ORC1 under the control of a constitutive GmUBI3 gene promoter compared to wild-type plants. The constitutive 2XCaMV35S promoter and a novel JA-inducible 4XGAG promoter were less effective in driving high-level nicotine formation. Methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) treatment further elevated nicotine production in all transgenic lines. Our results show that targeted manipulation of NtERF221/ORC1 is an effective strategy for elevating leaf nicotine levels in com. tobacco for use in the preparation of reduced risk tobacco products for smoking replacement therapeutics.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Lawler, Tameka S.; Stanfill, Stephen B.; Tran, Hang T.; Lee, Grace E.; Chen, Patrick X.; Kimbrell, J. Brett; Lisko, Joseph G.; Fernandez, Carolina; Caudill, Samuel P.; Rey de Castro, B.; Watson, Clifford H. published the article 《Chemical analysis of snus products from the United States and northern Europe》. Keywords: snus moisture nicotine TSNA United States Europe.They researched the compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine( cas:494-52-0 ).Safety of (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:494-52-0) here.

Snus is an oral tobacco product that originated in Sweden. Snus products are available as fine-cut loose tobacco or in pre-portioned porous “”pouches.”” Some snus products undergo tobacco pasteurization during manufacturing, a process that removes or reduces nitrite-forming microbes, resulting in less tobacco-specific nitrosamine content in the product. Some tobacco companies and researchers have suggested that snus is potentially less harmful than traditional tobacco and thus a potential smoking cessation aid or an alternative to continued cigarette consumption. Although snus is available in various countries, limited information exists on snus variants from different manufacturers. Moisture, pH, nicotine, and tobacco-specific N’-nitrosamines (TSNAs) were quantified in 64 snus products made by 10 manufacturers in the United States and Northern Europe (NE). Reported means, standard Errors, and differences are least-square (LS) estimates from bootstrapped mixed effects models, which accounted for correlation among repeated measurements. Minor alkaloids and select flavors were also measured. Among all product types, moisture (27.4%-59.5%), pH (pH 5.87-9.10), total nicotine (6.81-20.6 mg/g, wet), unprotonated nicotine (0.083-15.7 mg/g), and total TSNAs (390-4,910 ng/g) varied widely. The LS-mean unprotonated nicotine concentration of NE portion (7.72 mg/g, SE = 0.963) and NE loose (5.06 mg/g, SE = 1.26) snus were each significantly higher than US portion snus (1.00 mg/g, SE = 1.56). Concentrations of minor alkaloids varied most among products with the highest total nicotine levels. The LS-mean NNN+NNK were higher in snus sold in the US (1360 ng/g, SE = 207) than in NE (836 ng/g, SE = 132) countries. The most abundant flavor compounds detected were pulegone, eucalyptol, and menthol. Phys. and chem. characteristics of US and NE products labeled as snus can vary considerably and should not be considered “”equivalent””. Our findings could inform public health and policy decisions pertaining to snus exposure and potential adverse health effects associated with snus.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about Analysis of Nicotine and Non-nicotine Tobacco Constituents in Aqueous Smoke/Aerosol Extracts by UHPLC and Ultraperformance Convergence Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.Recommanded Product: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine.

The non-nicotine constituents of tobacco may alter the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but the quant. and qual. profiles of these chems. in tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigars, and waterpipe tobacco are not well characterized. The objective of this work was to develop and validate anal. methods to utilize saline both as an extraction solvent for smoke condensates from cigarettes, little cigars, and waterpipe tobacco and aerosols from e-cigarettes and as a delivery vehicle of nicotine and non-nicotine constitents for nonclin. pharmacol. studies. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatog. was used to analyze nicotine and acetaldehyde, and a novel ultraperformance convergence chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to analyze anabasine, anatabine, cotinine, myosmine, nornicotine, harmane, and norharmane. Linearity was confirmed for each standard curve with correlation coefficients (r) ≥ 0.99, and relative Errors (RE) for the standards were ≤±10% over the calibration ranges. Method validation was performed by preparing triplicate samples in saline to mimic the composition and concentration of each analyte in the smoke or aerosol condensate and were used to determine method accuracy and precision. Relative standard deviation values were ≤15% and mean RE ≤15% for each analyte at each concentration level. Selectivity of the methods was demonstrated by the absence of peaks in blank vehicle or diluent samples. Storage stability was assessed over ~45 days. Precision (%RSD ≤ 13) and recovery (percent of day 0 ≥ 80%) indicated that the saline formulations of all four products could be considered stable for up to ~45 days at 4-8°C. Therefore, the use of saline both as an extraction solvent and as a delivery vehicle adds versatility and improved performance in the study of the pharmacol. effects of constituents from mainstream smoke and aerosols generated from cigarettes, little cigars, waterpipes, and e-cigarettes.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Chen, Jie; He, Xian; Zhang, Xuyan; Chen, Yi; Zhao, Lu; Su, Jiaen; Qu, Shengbin; Ji, Xinwei; Wang, Tao; Li, Zhenjie; He, Chenggang; Zeng, Erqing; Jin, Yan; Lin, Zhonglong; Zou, Congming published an article about the compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine( cas:494-52-0,SMILESS:C1(C=NC=CC=1)[C@@H]1CCCCN1 ).Category: catalyst-ligand. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:494-52-0) through the article.

Heated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) products develop rapidly because of its low toxicity. In order to evaluate the industrial applicability of the existing types of characteristic tobacco as raw materials for heated tobaccos, this research ascertained differences in the main chem. compositions in tobacco leaves from different types to establish a relationship between chem. composition and sensory evaluation to select types suitable for producing heated tobaccos. Nine tobacco types (K326, Yunyan 97, Cherry-red tobacco, Han tobacco, Dao tobacco, Tiandeng tobacco, Sun-cured yellow tobacco, fresh-cut tobacco, and aromatic tobacco) planted in Yunnan Province, China were selected. Their sensory quality was evaluated by the method for sensory evaluation of heated tobaccos and chem. composition and content of aroma substances in tobacco leaves were determined In the evaluation of sensory quality of heated tobaccos, the total score of Tiandeng tobacco was significantly higher than those of the other types, followed by Cherry-red tobacco and K326; There were significant differences in chem. composition in the nine tobacco types and the total alkaloid content in Cherry-red tobacco was notably higher than in the other tobacco types. The amounts of total sugar, reducing sugar, and starch in Han tobacco were significantly lower than other types, while the amounts of total nitrogen, potassium oxide, chloride ions, and protein were much higher than in the other tobacco types. The total amounts of polyphenols and aroma compounds in fresh-cut tobacco were significantly higher than in the other tobacco types. The contents of nornicotine, neonicotine, anatabine, and total alkaloid showed a significant pos. correlation with the total sensory evaluation score. The contents of nicotyrine and 2,3-bipyridine were significantly and neg. correlated with the total sensory evaluation score. A remarkable neg. correlation was found between starch content and score on irritation. Furthermore, the amounts of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and total polyphenols were significantly and pos. correlated with the total sensory evaluation score. The amounts of aldehydes and phenolic compounds had a significant neg. correlation, while the amount of olefin compounds had a significant pos. correlation, with the total sensory evaluation score. These chems. in tobacco leaves can be used as in analyses screening of other suitable tobacco types, and as reference standards for selecting tobacco raw materials suitable for high-quality heated tobaccos.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 494-52-0, is researched, SMILESS is C1(C=NC=CC=1)[C@@H]1CCCCN1, Molecular C10H14N2Journal, Article, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment called Use of the Chemcatcher passive sampler and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to screen for emerging pollutants in rivers in Gauteng Province of South Africa, Author is Rimayi, Cornelius; Chimuka, Luke; Gravell, Anthony; Fones, Gary R.; Mills, Graham A., the main research direction is water pollution Chemcatcher mass spectra South Africa; Chemcatcher®; Emerging pollutants; Pharmaceuticals and personal care products; Screening; Surface water; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Product Details of 494-52-0.

Many rivers in urbanized catchments in South Africa are polluted by raw sewage and effluent to anextent that their ecol. function has been severely impaired. The Hennops and Jukskei Rivers lying in the Hartbeespoort Dam catchment are two of the worst impacted rivers in South Africa and are in need of rehabilitation. Passive sampling (Chemcatcher with a HLB receiving phase) together with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry-targeted screening was used to provide high sensitivity and selectivity for the identification of a wide range of emerging pollutants in these urban waters. Over 200 compounds, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, drugs of abuse and their metabolites were identified. Many substances (∼180) being detected for the first time in surface water in South Africa. General medicines and psychotropic drugs were the two most frequently detected groups in the catchment. These accounted for 49% of the emerging pollutants found. Of the general medicines, antihypertensive agents, beta-blocking and cardiac drugs were the most abundant (28%) classes detected. The Hennops site, downstream of a dysfunctional wastewater treatment plant, was the most polluted with 123 substances detected. From the compounds detected, peak intensity-based prioritisation was used to identify the five most abundant pollutants, being in the order caffeine > lopinavir > sulfamethoxazole > cotinine > trimethoprim. This work provides the largest available high-quality dataset of emerging pollutants detected in South African urban waters. The data generated in this study provides a solid foundation for subsequent work to further characterize (suspect screening) and quantify (target anal.) these substances.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about Thermal desorption-cooled injection system-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of seven kinds of alkaloids and nine kinds of flavor compounds in cigarette.Name: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine.

A novel method for determination of seven kinds of alkaloids (isoquinoline, nicotine, 3-(2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine nornicotine, myosmine, β-nicotyrine, Anabasine, 2,3′-bipyridine, and anabaseine) and nine kinds of flavor compounds (hydrocoumarin, vanillin, coumadin, Et vanillin, Me vanillin, 7-Me coumarin, 7-methoxycoumarin, 7-ethoxy-4-methylcoumarin, and pyranocoumarin) in cigarette by thermal desorption-cooled injection system coupled with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (TDU-CIS-GC-MS) was developed. By optimizing the conditions such as TDU (time, temperature, and flow rate of helium gas), CIS temperature, vent time and purge time, the cigarette alkaloid compound could be completely thermal desorption, and the volatile alkaloids and coumarin substances were enriched using the cold injection system. A DB-5 MS chromatog. column was used for separation, and a matrix curve external label method was used to quantify the matrix effect under the selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). The results showed that the linear range of 7 kinds of alkaloids and 9 kinds of flavors was 1-500 μg/L, the linear correlation coefficient (R2) was greater than 0.993, and the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.02-0.50 μg/kg and 0.1-2.0 μg/kg, resp. This method was simple, safe with high sensitivity and accuracy, and suitable for the determination of alkaloids and flavor compounds in cigarette, which was very important for the anal. of complex volatile trace substances in heated non-burning cigarette.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine( cas:494-52-0 ) is researched.Quality Control of (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine.Scharenberg, Friederike; Stegemann, Thomas; Cicek, Serhat Sezai; Zidorn, Christian published the article 《Sequestration of pyridine alkaloids anabasine and nicotine from Nicotiana (Solanaceae) by Orobanche ramosa (Orobanchaceae)》 about this compound( cas:494-52-0 ) in Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. Keywords: Orobanche Nicotiana anabasine nicotine anatabine nornicotine root Germany. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:494-52-0).

Plants of the root holoparasite Orobanche ramosa L. and four of its potential host species, Nicotiana glauca Graham, Nicotiana rustica L., Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. & S.Comes, and Nicotiana tabacum L., grown in the greenhouse in Kiel/Germany, were analyzed for their contents of pyridine alkaloids anabasine (1) and nicotine (2). All investigated samples contained both alkaloids in different amounts The distribution of the alkaloids in the various plant organs of Nicotiana differed significantly between the species. The alkaloid contents of the Orobanche samples relative to the alkaloid contents of the roots of the resp. host plants varied between 3.47 ± 1.08 and 28.8 ± 37.5%. Orobanche plants drain water and crucial nutrients from their hosts; also, some examples for the sequestration of specialized natural products have been reported. O. ramosa is not able to synthesize pyridine alkaloids anabasine (1) and nicotine (2) itself; therefore, the present study proves the sequestration of pyridine alkaloids by O. ramosa from the four investigated Nicotiana host species.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Application In Synthesis of (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about A pharmacological comparison of two isomeric nicotinic receptor agonists: the marine toxin isoanatabine and the tobacco alkaloid anatabine. Author is Xing, Hong; Keshwah, Sunil; Rouchaud, Anne; Kem, William R..

Many organisms possess “”secondary”” compounds to avoid consumption or to immobilize prey. While the most abundant or active compounds are initially investigated, more extensive analyses reveal other “”minor”” compounds with distinctive properties that may also be of biomedical and pharmaceutical significance. Here, we present an initial in vitro investigation of the actions of two isomeric tetrahydropyridyl ring-containing anabasine analogs: isoanatabine, an alkaloid isolated from a marine worm, and anatabine, a relatively abundant minor alkaloid in com. tobacco plants. Both compounds have a double bond that is distal to the piperidine ring nitrogen of anabasine. Racemic isoanatabine and anatabine were synthesized and their S- and R-enantiomers were isolated by chiral high pressure liquid chromatog. (HPLC). Both isoanatabines displayed higher efficacies at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) relative to the anatabines; R-isoanatabine was most potent. Radioligand binding experiments revealed similar α4β2 nAChR binding affinities for the isoanatabines, but R-anatabine affinity was twice that of S-anatabine. While the two anatabines and S-isoanatabine were highly efficacious agonists at α7 nAChRs, R-isoanatabine was only a weak partial agonist. The four compounds share an ability to stimulate both α4β2 and α7 nAChRs, a property that may be useful in developing more efficacious drugs to treat neurodegenerative and other medical disorders.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 494-52-0, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, about Non-nicotine constituents in e-cigarette aerosol extract attenuate nicotine’s aversive effects in adolescent rats, the main research direction is nicotine conditioned taste aversion E cigarette aerosol adolescence; Adolescents; Conditioned taste aversion; Electronic cigarettes; Nicotine; Non-nicotine tobacco constituents.Product Details of 494-52-0.

Development of preclin. methodol. for evaluating the abuse liability of electronic cigarettes (ECs) in adolescents is urgently needed to inform FDA regulation of these products. The goal of this study was to compare the aversive effects of nicotine alone and EC aerosol extracts in adolescent rats as measured using conditioned taste aversion (CTA), which can be conducted during the brief adolescent period. In Experiment 1, nicotine alone (1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg, s.c.) produced significant CTA in adolescent rats in a two-bottle procedure, thereby establishing a model to study the effects of EC extracts At a nicotine dose of 1.0 mg/kg, CTA to Vuse Menthol EC extract, but not Aroma E-Juice EC extract, was attenuated compared to nicotine alone during repeated two-bottle CTA tests (Experiment 2a). At a nicotine dose of 0.5 mg/kg, CTA to Vuse Menthol EC extract did not differ from nicotine alone during the first two-bottle CTA test but extinguished more rapidly across repeated two-bottle tests (Experiment 2b). Non-nicotine constituents in Vuse Menthol EC extracts attenuated CTA in a two-bottle procedure in adolescents. This model may be useful for anticipating the abuse liability of ECs in adolescents and for modeling FDA-mandated changes in product standards for nicotine or other constituents in ECs.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI