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Hyperbranched Poly(amido amine)s (PAMAM) especially those containing disulfide groups have been highly investigated for DNA condensation, drugs and genes delivery. However, the detailed optical properties of PAMAM, intrinsic fluorescence characteristics and their applications for detection of thiols in pure aqueous medium have not been explored yet. Here we report for the first time the detailed investigation of optical properties of PAMAM and their biosensing application in pure aqueous medium. Three PAMAM named as MBAP (without disulfide group), CBAP and HPAP (with disulfide) groups were chosen, synthesized and characterized. Quantum yields of these PAMAM at different pH value were calculated in pure aqueous medium and all the PAMAM were found to be pH sensitive due to presence of tertiary amine and have shown increase in quantum yields in acidic medium. MBAP was not found to be redox sensitive due to the absence of disulfide group while CBAP has shown low redox sensitivity in aqueous medium because of low water solubility. HPAP has shown high redox sensitivity and high quantum yields hence applied for detection of thiols with the limit of detection of 5.29 mM in pure aqueous medium under physiological conditions. These investigations have not only shown the detailed optical properties of extremely important PAMAM but also broadens their application for bioimaging and biosensing.

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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. Quality Control of: Quinine Sulfate Hydrate. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds.In a patent，Which mentioned a new discovery about 6119-70-6

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been studied extensively in the atmosphere and natural waters employing numerous techniques based on absorbance, voltammetry, fluorescence or chemiluminescence. Here we compare the 10-methyl-9-(p-formylphenyl)-acridinium carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate chemiluminescent-based (AE-CL) flow-injection analysis (FIA) method to the p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (POHPAA) batch fluorescence method on 108 paired samples representing a wide range of ocean water types. Over the oceanographically relevant concentration range of 0-250 nM, the two methods are indistinguishable. Since the AE-CL method does not respond to t-butyl hydroperoxide, and no other species including trace metals have been found to cause interferences, it an ideal method for quantification of H 2O2 in natural waters. The POHPAA method, which cannot distinguish organic peroxides from H2O2, was also compared to the HPLC method of Lee et al. [Lee, M., Heikes, B.G., Jacob, D.J., Sachse, G., Anderson, B., 1997. Hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxide, and formaldehyde as primary pollutants from biomass burning. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres], 102 (D1), 1301-1309.]. The latter method separates organic peroxides from H2O2 and then measures the concentration of each species. These two methods produced results that are not significantly different from each other, demonstrating that hydrogen peroxide is the only peroxide detected in seawater. It can be inferred from these studies that previous H2O2 measurements made with non-selective techniques measure H2O2 in seawater, and that organic peroxides comprise an insignificant fraction of the total peroxide signal. This study also validates the use of the HPLC method for seawater analyses, as the method was originally developed for atmospheric gas-phase studies.

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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Synthetic Route of 6119-70-6, Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 6119-70-6, Name is Quinine Sulfate Hydrate, molecular formula is C40H58N4O12S. In a Article，once mentioned of 6119-70-6

In this work, some common and inexpensive biomass waste were used as carbon sources including orange peel, ginkgo biloba leaves, paulownia leaves and magnolia flower to prepare biomass carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by using a facile hydrothermal process. These biomass CQDs exhibited the advantages of homogeneous particle size, superior water solubility and stability, similar optical properties and surface functional group. The fluorescence quenching effect was observed when Fe3+ ions were added into CQDs solution. The experiment results showed that the as-prepared CQDs have a sensitive response to Fe3+ ions in the concentration range of 0.2?100 muM, and the limit of detection (LOD) could as low as 0.073 muM. More importantly, practical applications for the detection Fe3+ ions in pond water acquired satisfactory recoveries (94 %?108 %). Therefore, this work not only provided a new way for reusages of biomass waste, but also provided a novel alternative sensor for Fe3+ ions detection in real-world.

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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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In this paper, we have presented a facile method to fabricate nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) for blood methotrexate (MTX) sensing applications. The N,S-CDs with quantum yield up to 75% were obtained by one-step hydrothermal carbonization, using reduced glutathione and citric acid as the precursors. With this approach, the formation and the surface passivation of N,S-CDs were carried out simultaneously, resulting in intrinsic fluorescence emission. Owing to their pronounced temperature dependence of the fluorescence emission spectra, resultant N,S-CDs can work as versatile nanothermometry devices by taking advantage of the temperature sensitivity of their emission intensity. In addition, the obtained N,S-CDs facilitated high selectivity detection of Fe3+ ions with a detection limit as low as 0.31 muM and a wide linear range from 3.33 to 99.90 muM. More importantly, the added MTX selectively led to the fluorescence quenching of the N,S-CDs. Such fluorescence responses were used for well quantifying MTX in the range of 2.93 to 117.40 muM, and the detection limit was down to 0.95 muM. Due to ?inert? surface, the N,S-CDs well resisted the interferences from various biomolecules and exhibited excellent selectivity. The proposed sensing system was successfully used for the assay of MTX in human plasma. Due to simplicity, sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost, it exhibits great promise as a practical platform for MTX sensing in biological samples. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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4-Hydroxy-3-nitroso-2H-chromen-2-one (HNC), a coumarin derivative has been synthesized through a very simple method, and its photo-physical properties were studied. HNC is used as a simple colorimetric as well as spectrophotometric chemosensor for the detection of Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions, some even by naked-eyes. This process gives a sensitive readout of chemosensor HNC within a wide range of (4.5?1219.5) × 10?7 (M) at lambdamax 258 nm. HNC has greater binding and detection ability toward Fe2+ than that of 1,10-phenanthrolin, and it has greater binding ability for Fe2+ than that with Fe3+ also. We have also established a method for solid state sensing of iron salts by HNC. Moreover, the binding interaction of HNC with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) established a groove binding mode.

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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Electric Literature of 6119-70-6, A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 6119-70-6, Name is Quinine Sulfate Hydrate, molecular formula is C40H58N4O12S. In a Article，once mentioned of 6119-70-6

An economic and green approach of manufacturing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with a high quantum yield (denoted with HQY-CQDs) and the application in labeling bovine serum albumin (BSA) were described in detail in this work. Firstly, the cheap resources of citric acid and glycine were pyrolysed in drying oven for preparing the CQDs. Then the product was immersed in tetrahydrofuran for 8 h. HQY-CQDs were obtained by removing tetrahydrofuran from the supernate and were evaluated that they possessed a much higher quantum yield compared with that without dealing with tetrahydrofuran and a wonderful photo-bleaching resistance. Such HQY-CQDs could be functionalized by N-hydroxysuccinimide and successively combined with BSA covalently. Thus fluorescent labeling on BSA was realized. The HQY-CQDs were demonstrated with transmission electron microscopy and the chemical modification with N-hydroxysuccinimide was proved by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectra. Labeling BSA with the HQY-CQDs was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence imaging.

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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Electric Literature of 6119-70-6, A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 6119-70-6, Name is Quinine Sulfate Hydrate, molecular formula is C40H58N4O12S. In a Article，once mentioned of 6119-70-6

An economic and green approach of manufacturing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with a high quantum yield (denoted with HQY-CQDs) and the application in labeling bovine serum albumin (BSA) were described in detail in this work. Firstly, the cheap resources of citric acid and glycine were pyrolysed in drying oven for preparing the CQDs. Then the product was immersed in tetrahydrofuran for 8 h. HQY-CQDs were obtained by removing tetrahydrofuran from the supernate and were evaluated that they possessed a much higher quantum yield compared with that without dealing with tetrahydrofuran and a wonderful photo-bleaching resistance. Such HQY-CQDs could be functionalized by N-hydroxysuccinimide and successively combined with BSA covalently. Thus fluorescent labeling on BSA was realized. The HQY-CQDs were demonstrated with transmission electron microscopy and the chemical modification with N-hydroxysuccinimide was proved by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectra. Labeling BSA with the HQY-CQDs was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence imaging.

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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. Recommanded Product: 6119-70-6. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds.In a patent，Which mentioned a new discovery about 6119-70-6

Investigation of Quantum Dot-Metal Halide Interactions and Their Effects on Optical Properties

Quantum dots (QDs) are a class of important light-emitting nanomaterials, which have shown considerable potential for a range of applications. Here, we report detailed studies of the interactions between cadmium halide salts and II-VI-based quantum dots affecting their optical properties. A specific set of experiments have been utilized to better understand these effects using a range of core and core-shell quantum dots as model systems, examining CdSe, CdS, CdS/CdSe, CdTe/CdSe, CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnS QDs, and CdSe/CdS dots in rod nanostructures. In our studies, we have demonstrated that significant increases in photoluminescent (PL) and photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQY) can be achieved, producing a 1.5-4-fold increase for CdSe QDs and 1.4-1.8-fold increase for a number of other Cd-based core-shell nanostructures. To explain these phenomena, the interaction’s efficiency for three alternative ligand-capped CdSe QDs have been examined, with results showing a weak dependency on capping ligand. By contrast, we have demonstrated that variation of the halide anion of the cadmium salt shows a strong dependence, with decreasing effectiveness found when comparing Cl- to Br- and I-. In addition, we have been able to show a large increase of PLQY for reverse type I (CdS/CdSe) and type II (CdTe/CdSe) QDs, both nanostructures which display strong surface-sensitive PL properties, while type I (CdSe/CdS) nanostructures showed a weaker effect, with an inverse relationship relative to shell thickness. Finally, it was also found that ZnS or ZnS-shelled QDs show the onset of cation exchange, causing PL red shifting and a significant reduction of PLQY. Therefore, the culmination of these results can be best explained using standard covalent ligand classification, and points to this treatment working via a three-pronged approach, in which surface passivation takes place through the presence of the L-type ligand oleylamine, the Z-type ligand, Cd(oleylamine), and the X-type ligand Cl- anion, the combination of which produces the total optimal effect observed. Overall, this study presents important approaches to increase quantum yields in a range of widely utilized QDs and provides important insights into the underlying interactions of this type of surface treatments as means to improve the resulting optical properties.

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Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Thiolactone-maleimide: A functional monomer to synthesize fluorescent aliphatic poly(amide-imide) with excellent solubility: Via in situ PEGylation

Fluorescent poly(amide-imide)s are promising materials for use in photonics due to their controllable optical properties and excellent flexibility. Although unconventional fluorescent polymers have been flourishing recently, the fluorescence of aliphatic poly(amide-imide)s has never been realized until now. Their poor solubility and intolerance to reactive groups during synthesis prohibit access for the modification of poly(amide-imide)s. Here, we synthesize a functional thiolactone-maleimide monomer via copper(i)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition and employ a strategy combining aminolysis of thiolactones and amine-maleimide Michael addition for the synthesis of fluorescent aliphatic poly(amide-imide)s with 2-aminosuccinimide fluorophores. Moreover, in situ generated thiols enable the poly(amide-imide)s to undergo facile PEGylation via a thiol-methacrylate Michael addition reaction to accomplish excellent solubility in organic solvents and in water.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Spatiotemporal development of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of stormwater plumes in Santa Monica Bay, California (USA)

This study characterized stormwater plume development and associated phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal marine ecosystem through shipboard monitoring. We focused on plumes within Santa Monica Bay, California (USA), a coastal system that is subject to rapid pulses of untreated runoff from the urbanized watershed of Los Angeles during the winter rainy season. The physical, chemical, and biological signatures of stormwater plumes were tracked over time after each of 4 precipitation events ranging in magnitude from 1.5 cm to 9 cm. Low salinity surface plumes persisted in Santa Monica Bay for at least 2 to 5 days over spatial scales of up to 15 km. This is consistent with a 6-day residence time for surface water plume parcels, which was estimated from a drifter trajectory in the bay. Shipboard sampling and salinity measurements in the surf zone showed that plumes often persisted even longer nearshore. Plume waters were generally characterized by higher concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, colored dissolved organic matter, and higher light attenuation than non-plume waters. The magnitude of the effect of stormwater runoff on phytoplankton dynamics was dependent on the size of each storm and subsequent residence time of runoff within the bay. Rain events led to increases in primary productivity, phytoplankton biomass, and specifically, increases in diatom biomass, as measured by concentrations of biogenic silica.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI