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Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 80875-98-5, Name is H-Oic-OH, molecular formula is C9H15NO2, belongs to catalyst-ligand compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Varandili, Seyedeh Behnaz, once mentioned the new application about 80875-98-5, Recommanded Product: H-Oic-OH.

Ligand-mediated formation of Cu/metal oxide hybrid nanocrystals with tunable number of interfaces

Combining domains of different chemical nature within the same hybrid material through the formation of heterojunctions provides the opportunity to exploit the properties of each individual component within the same nano-object; furthermore, new synergistic properties will often arise as a result of unique interface interactions. However, synthetic strategies enabling precise control over the final architecture of multicomponent objects still remain scarce for certain classes of materials. Herein, we report on the formation of Cu/MOx (M = Ce, Zn and Zr) hybrid nanocrystals with a tunable number of interfaces between the two domains. We demonstrate that the organic ligands employed during the synthesis play a key role in regulating the final configuration. Finally, we show that the synthesized nanocrystals serve as materials platforms to investigate the impact of the Cu/metal oxide interfaces in applications by focusing on the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction as one representative example.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Wang, Si-Qing, once mentioned the application of 80875-98-5, Name is H-Oic-OH, molecular formula is C9H15NO2, molecular weight is 169.22, MDL number is MFCD07782125, category is catalyst-ligand. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Recommanded Product: H-Oic-OH.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Aldol-Type Reaction of Allylazaarenes

A vinylogous aldol-type reaction of allylazaarenes and aldehydes is disclosed that affords a series of chiral gamma-hydroxyl-alpha,beta-unsaturated azaarenes in moderate to excellent yields with high to excellent regio- and enantioselectivities. With (R,R-P)-TANIAPHOS and (R,R)-QUINOXP* as the ligand, the carbon-carbon double bond in the products is generated in (E)-form. With (R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS as the ligand, (Z)-form carbon-carbon double bond is formed in the major product. In this vinylogous reaction, aromatic, alpha,beta-unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes are competent substrates. Moreover, a variety of azaarenes, such as pyrimidine, pyridine, pyrazine, quinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, and benzo[d]imidazole are well-tolerated. At last, the chiral vinylogous product is demonstrated as a suitable Michael acceptor towards CuI-catalyzed nucleophilic addition with organomagnesium reagents.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Ullmann Coupling Reaction of Bicyclic Amidines DBU/DBN with Aryl Halides: A Pathway to the Synthesis of epsilon-Caprolactam Derivatives

This paper demonstrates a selective, mild approach to Ullmann amination of aryl halides to synthesize N-alkylated derivatives of epsilon-caprolactam. The synthetic route involves an in-situ ring-opening of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-8-ene (DBU) followed by concurrent arylation with aryl halides in the presence of copper iodide as a catalyst under ligand-free conditions. This method provides a new entry to a wide variety of epsilon-caprolactam derivatives in good to excellent yields in a single synthetic sequence. Similarly, other bicyclic amidines such as 1, 5-diazabicyclo-[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), and 1,5,7 triazabicyclo[4.4.0] dec-5-ene (TBD) also showed good to very high reactivity. Azepan-2-one, or Caprolactam, is an important synthon in polymer chemistry and has a global demand as it is employed to make Nylon 6 filament, fiber, and plastics.([1]) The global caprolactam market size is expected to expand for the growing textile industry with rising demand for plastics in the construction of automotive, electrical, and electronic sectors. Additionally, technological advancements aimed at improving the cost-effective manufacturing process of caprolactam, to minimize the release of hazardous waste into the environment is of vital necessity. Derivatives of epsilon-caprolactam are of interest for the production of modified nylons([2]) and nanogels.([3]) Several Azepinones and their analogs play an important role in medicinal chemistry,([4]) used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs including Benazepril,([5]) Telcagepant,([6]) and Ivabradine.([7])

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Application of 80875-98-5, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 80875-98-5, Name is H-Oic-OH, SMILES is O=[C@@]([C@H]2N[C@@]1([H])CCCC[C@]([H])1C2)O, belongs to catalyst-ligand compound. In a article, author is Kohler, Lars, introduce new discover of the category.

Replacing Pyridine with Pyrazine in Molecular Cobalt Catalysts: Effects on Electrochemical Properties and Aqueous H-2 Generation

Four new molecular Co(II)tetrapyridyl complexes were synthesized and evaluated for their activity as catalysts for proton reduction in aqueous environments. The pyridine groups around the macrocycle were substituted for either one or two pyrazine groups. Single crystal X-ray analysis shows that the pyrazine groups have minimal impact on the Co(II)-N bond lengths and molecular geometry in general. X-band EPR spectroscopy confirms the Co(II) oxidation state and the electronic environment of the Co(II) center are only very slightly perturbed by the substitution of pyrazine groups around the macrocycle. The substitution of pyrazine groups has a substantial impact on the observed metal- and ligand-centered reduction potentials as well as the overall H-2 catalytic activity in a multimolecular system using the [Ru(2,2 ‘-bipyridine)(3)]Cl-2 photosensitizer and ascorbic acid as a sacrificial electron donor. The results reveal interesting trends between the H-2 catalytic activity for each catalyst and the driving force for electron transfer between either the reduced photosensitizer to catalyst step or the catalyst to proton reduction step. The work presented here showcases how even the difference of a single atom in a molecular catalyst can have an important impact on activity and suggests a pathway to optimize the photocatalytic activity and stability of molecular systems.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Penta-coordinated transition metal macrocycles as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a highly important reaction in electrochemistry. The following short review details recent advances in novel non-precious metal catalysts containing transition metal macrocycles for use in the ORR. Unbound, many of these electrodes were found to generate high levels of side products such as O-2(-) and H2O2 via 2-electron processes, and for this reason, it is aimed to create systems which would favor a 4-electron process which would completely convert oxygen to H2O. The 4-electron reduction of O-2 releases the most energy in a fuel cell. Novel catalytic materials containing metal macrocycles were created mimicking the structure of enzyme metal centers, the metal in the macrocycle bound to a fifth axial ligand. These structures were observed to exhibit improved catalytic activity, and in the case of cobalt, phthalocyanine systems were observed to move away from the inefficient 2-electron process towards the more complete 4-electron process in alkaline media. Both experimental results (XPS, EPR, cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves) and theoretical models were gathered for various pentacoordinate systems and various electronic effects of the axial ligand on metal center were proposed. Penta-coordinate macrocycles are an important tool for further manipulating and tuning the electronic behavior of transition metal centers for catalysis of the ORR.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Electronic and geometric structure effects on one-electron oxidation of first-row transition metals in the same ligand framework

Developing new transition metal catalysts requires understanding of how both metal and ligand properties determine reactivity. Since metal complexes bearing ligands of the Py5 family (2,6-bis-[(2-pyridyl)methyl] pyridine) have been employed in many fields in the past 20 years, we set out here to understand their redox properties by studying a series of base metal ions (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) within the Py5OH (pyridine-2,6-diylbis[di-(pyridin-2-yl)methanol]) variant. Both reduced (M-II) and the one-electron oxidized (M-III) species were carefully characterized using a combination of X-ray crystallography, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density-functional theory calculations. The observed metal-ligand interactions and electrochemical properties do not always follow consistent trends along the periodic table. We demonstrate that this observation cannot be explained by only considering orbital and geometric relaxation, and that spin multiplicity changes needed to be included into the DFT calculations to reproduce and understand these trends. In addition, exchange reactions of the sixth ligand coordinated to the metal, were analysed. Finally, by including published data of the extensively characterised Py5OMe (pyridine-2,6-diylbis[di-(pyridin-2-yl)methoxymethane])complexes, the special characteristics of the less common Py5OH ligand were extracted. This comparison highlights the non-innocent effect of the distal OH functionalization on the geometry, and consequently on the electronic structure of the metal complexes. Together, this gives a complete analysis of metal and ligand degrees of freedom for these base metal complexes, while also providing general insights into how to control electrochemical processes of transition metal complexes.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Salicylaldimines: Formation via Ring Contraction and Synthesis of Mono- and Heterobimetallic Alkali Metal Heterocubanes

The formation of salicylaldimine derivatives via ring contraction as byproducts in 2-aminotropone syntheses has been investigated. Salicylaldiminate (SAI) complexes of the alkali metals Li-K have been synthesized and transformed into heterobimetallic complexes. Important findings include an unusual double heterocubane structure of the homometallic sodium SAI, an unprecedented ligand-induced E/Z isomerization of the aldimine functional group in the homometallic potassium SAI, and the first example of a structurally authenticated mixed-metal SAI based on s-block central atoms. Rapid equilibria have been shown to play a crucial role in the solution phase chemistry of mixed-metal SAIs. Analytical techniques applied in this work include (heteronuclear) NMR spectroscopy, VT- and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and DFT calculations.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Efficient Synthesis of Bulky 2,2 ‘-Bipyridine and (S)-Pyridine-Oxazoline Ligands

Bulky N,N’-bidentate ligands can furnish catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity compared to commercially available ligands. Straightforward methods to effectively synthesize a broad range of these ligands, however, are uncommon. In this work, a simple and efficient method is developed for the synthesis of bulky N,N’-bidentate ligands, including 2,2′-bipyridines and enantioenriched pyridine-oxazolines. The Pd/NIXANTPHOS catalyst system enabled synthesis of a series of bulky 2,2′-bipyridine-based ligands and (S)-pyridine oxazoline-based enantioenriched ligands with good to excellent yields. The ligands have been benchmarked in the aminofluorination of styrene.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Phosphine-free pincer-ruthenium catalyzed biofuel production: high rates, yields and turnovers of solventless alcohol alkylation

Phosphine-free pincer-ruthenium carbonyl complexes based on bis(imino)pyridine and 2,6-bis(benzimidazole-2-yl) pyridine ligands have been synthesized. For the beta-alkylation of 1-phenyl ethanol with benzyl alcohol at 140 degrees C under solvent-free conditions, ((NNN)-N-Cy2)RuCl2(CO) (0.00025 mol%) in combination with NaOH (2.5 mol%) was highly efficient (ca. 93% yield, 372 000 TON at 12 000 TO h(-1)). These are the highest reported values hitherto for a ruthenium based catalyst. The beta-alkylation of various alcohol combinations was accomplished with ease which culminated to give 380 000 TON at 19 000 TO h(-1) for the beta-alkylation of 1-phenyl ethanol with 3-methoxy benzyl alcohol. DFT studies were complementary to mechanistic studies and indicate the beta-hydride elimination step involving the extrusion of acetophenone to be the overall RDS. While the hydrogenation step is favored for the formation of alpha-alkylated ketone, the alcoholysis step is preferred for the formation of beta-alkylated alcohol. The studies were extended for the upgradation of ethanol to biofuels. Among the pincer-ruthenium complexes based on bis(imino)pyridine, ((NNN)-N-Cy2)RuCl2(CO) provided high productivity (335 TON at 170 TO h(-1)). Sterically more open pincer-ruthenium complexes such as ((NNN)-N-Bim2)RuCl2(CO) based on the 2,6-bis(benzimidazole-2-yl) pyridine ligand demonstrated better reactivity and gave not only good ethanol conversion (ca. 58%) but also high turnovers (ca. 2100) with a good rate (ca. 710 TO h(-1)). Kinetic studies indicate first order dependence on concentration of both the catalyst and ethanol. Phosphine-free catalytic systems operating with unprecedented activity at a very low base loading to couple lower alcohols to higher alcohols of fuel and pharmaceutical importance are the salient features of this report.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Navigating through the Maze of Homogeneous Catalyst Design with Machine Learning

The ability to forge difficult chemical bonds through catalysis has transformed society on all fronts, from feeding the ever-growing population to increasing life expectancies through the synthesis of new drugs. However, developing new chemical reactions and catalytic systems is a tedious task that requires tremendous discovery and optimization efforts. Over the past decade, advances in machine learning (ML) have revolutionized a whole new way to approach data intensive problems, and many of these developments have started to enter chemistry. Meanwhile, similar advances in the field of homogeneous catalysis are in only their infancy. In this perspective, we outline our vision for the future of homogeneous catalyst design and the role of ML in navigating this maze.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
,Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI