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The chloro alcohols 4-6 derived from TADDOLs (=alpha,alpha, alpha?,alpha?-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolan-4,5-dimethanols) are used to prepare corresponding sulfanyl alcohols, ethers, and amines (Scheme 1 and Table 1). The dithiol analog of TADDOL and derivatives thereof, 45-49, were also synthesized. The crystal structures of 16 representatives of this series of compounds are reported (Figs. 1-3 and Scheme 2). The thiols were employed in Cu-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate additions of Grignard reagents to cyclic enones, with cycloheptenone giving the best results (er up to 94:6). The enantioselectivity reverses from Si-addition with the sulfanyl alcohol to Re-addition with the alkoxy or dimethylamino thiols (Table 4). Cu I-Thiolates, 50-53, could be isolated in up to 84% yield (Scheme 2) and were shown to have tetranuclear structures in the gas phase (by ESI-MS), in solution (CH2Cl2, THF; by vapor-pressure osmometry and by NMR pulsed-gradient diffusion measurements; Table 5), and in the solid state (X-ray crystal structures in Scheme 2). The Cu complex 50 of the sulfanyl alcohol is stable in air and in the presence of weak aqueous acid, and it is a highly active catalyst (0.5 mol-%) for the 1,4-additions, leading to the same enantio- and regioselectivities observed with the in situ generated catalyst (6.5 mol-%; Scheme 3). Since the reaction mixtures contain additional metal salts (MgX2, LiX) it is not possible at this stage, to propose a mechanistic model for the conjugate additions. Copyright
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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI