In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 448-61-3, name is 2,4,6-Triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate, introducing its new discovery. Computed Properties of C23H17BF4O
The lack reactivity of N-(alpha-ethoxycarbonylalkyl)-2,4,6-tri-substituted pyridinium salts toward nucleophilic displacement of the N-substituent is ascribed to stereoelectronic effects.Although such esters undergo ready base hydrolysis to give the corresponding acids, they are highly resistant to attack by other nucleophiles at the C=O function; this behaviour is rationalised.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 448-61-3 is helpful to your research. Computed Properties of C23H17BF4O
Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI