In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 581-50-0, name is 2,3′-Bipyridine, introducing its new discovery. Application In Synthesis of 2,3′-Bipyridine
The Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 3-pyridylboronic pinacol ester with aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides was carried out in DMF/H2O (3/1, v/v) at 110 C in the presence of cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine I and K2CO3 or CsCO3 (1.0 equiv.) without the protection of inert gas. By using this method the synthesis of 3-pyridyl biaryl compounds could be readily achieved.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 581-50-0 is helpful to your research. Application In Synthesis of 2,3′-Bipyridine
Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI