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Role of kosmotrope-chaotrope interactions at micelle surfaces on the stabilization of lyotropic nematic phases
Abstract.: Three lyotropic quaternary systems of ionic surfactants were prepared to investigate the role of kosmotrope-chaotrope interactions at the micelle surfaces on stabilizing the different nematic phases. The ionic surfactants were potassium laurate (KL), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMABr), where KL is a kosmotrope surfactant, and others are chaotrope. The first system consisted of KL/decanol (DeOH)/water/alkali sulfate and the second of SDS/DeOH/water/alkali sulfate. The third system was prepared by adding sodium salts of chaotropic or kosmotropic anions to the primary mixture of TDTMABr/DeOH/water, separately. The characteristic textures of discotic nematic (ND), biaxial nematic (NB) and calamitic nematic (NC) phases were identified under polarizing light microscope. Laser conoscopy was employed to determine the uniaxial-to-biaxial phase transitions. The kosmotrope-kosmotrope or chaotrope-chaotrope interactions between the head groups of the surfactants and the ions of the electrolytes led to the stabilization of the ND phase. On the other hand, kosmotrope-chaotrope interactions stabilize the NB and/or NC phases. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI