In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 162318-34-5, name is 5-Ethynyl-2,2′-bipyridine, introducing its new discovery. Safety of 5-Ethynyl-2,2′-bipyridine
A pi-radical ligand (9-[4-(6-oxo-1,5-dimethylverdazyl)phenyl]-10-[5-(2, 2?-bipyridyl)ethynyl]anthracene, L1) with a photo-excited high-spin quartet state (S = 3/2) and its iron(ii) complex [Fe(L 1){H2B(Pz)2}2] (1) {H 2B(Pz)2- = dihydrobis(1-pyrazolyl)borate} were synthesized as a candidate for a new strategy for spin-crossover compounds exhibiting light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST), which is via the photo-excited high-spin state of the pi-conjugated aromatic system. Control compounds, ligand L2 and [Fe(L2){H2B(Pz) 2}2] (2), in which the verdazyl radical moiety in L 1 was removed, were also synthesized. The photo-excited quartet state of the pi-radical ligand L1 was confirmed by the time-resolved ESR technique. Temperature dependence of the magnetic behaviors of 1 and 2 were investigated from 5 K to 350 K, showing spin-crossover transition at T c = 222 K and at Tc = 162 K for complexes 1 and 2, respectively. The transition enthalpies and entropies were determined to be DeltaH = 8.09 kJ mol-1 and DeltaS = 36.4 J K-1 mol-1 for 1 and to be DeltaH = 22.39 kJ mol-1 and DeltaS = 138 J K-1 mol-1 for 2. LIESST phenomena were also observed below ca. 50 K for both complexes. The effects of the attachment of radical moiety are discussed based on the results.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 162318-34-5 is helpful to your research. Formula: C12H8N2
Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI