In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Brewster Angle Microscopy and X-ray GID Studies of Morphology and Crystal Structure in Monolayers of N-Tetradecyl-γ,δ-dihydroxypentanoic Acid Amide, published in 1997-06-12, which mentions a compound: 32780-06-6, mainly applied to tetradecyldihydroxypentanoic acid amide crystal surface structure, SDS of cas: 32780-06-6.
First-order phase transitions from the low-d. fluidlike phase to the condensed phase of monolayers of N-tetradecyl-γ,δ-dihydroxypentanoic acid amides at the air-water interface have been studied by π-A isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and synchrotron X-ray grazing incidence diffraction (GID). The thermodn. differences between enantiomeric and racemic monolayers are too small to be measured. Chiral discrimination is observable in the macroscopic domain morphol. by BAM. The domains of the condensed phase grow dendritically. The characteristic shapes of domains of the pure S and R enantiomers are mirror images of each other. The domains of the racemic mixture are quite similar; however, they have no mirror symmetry. Synchrotron X-ray grazing incidence diffraction (GID) measurements reveal an oblique lattice with tilt direction of mols. close to one of the nearest neighbors for condensed-phase monolayers of both enantiomer and racemate. The mols. of the racemic monolayers are more densely arranged indicating a week heterochiral interaction of the mols. The crystal structure changes only slightly with the surface pressure due to hydrogen bonds between the amide groups of mols. in the condensed phase. Thermodn. behavior, morphol. features, and two-dimensional crystal structure are discussed on the basis of the headgroup interactions, in particular the dominance of strong hydrogen-bonding chains of the amide groups only weakly affected by the hydroxyl groups and the chiral center.
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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI